Wednesday, October 31, 2012

5 Vital Steps to Raising A Child Who Makes Your Heart Explode ...

If you?re a parent, it is one of your biggest fears.

You have some friends whose child makes you wince every time s/he opens his mouth. Or is known among other parents as a bully. Your friends are constantly being called into the principal?s office to discuss their child?s behavior. And, most crushingly of all, the child is being shunned and not invited on playdates.

Your fear is that this will happen to your child. And you.

You fear that your parenting journey that started out with such joy and a tiny, wriggly bundle swaddled in a warm blanket will disintegrate into a desperate morass of negative emotion. And you desperately don?t want that to happen.

But you don?t know what to do.

What you want, hope, dream of is a happy, healthy child who grows up to be confident, polite, hardworking, friendly; a team player and a leader. Someone who can, and will, change his or her community for the better. A child you can be proud of. One who makes you feel like a teenage girl waiting for the return of her sweetheart.

But how?

Your friends are extremely pleasant people. They love their children tremendously ? they only want the best for them. They volunteer their time, cook great food, socialize well and have friends themselves. So why, when they appear to have such advantages, does their child have such difficulties?

And what?

Raising a child who has difficulty managing their life situations, for that is what it is, isn?t difficult. But it is, usually, unintentional. Let me show you the mistakes parents often make. Every time, I encounter a bully, a class clown, a know-it-all, or a rude, depressed or underachieving child I see one or more of the following behaviors in the adults around them.

And then let me show you what to do instead. That requires commitment and awareness, but is ultimately more rewarding and, I suspect, more in line with the hopes you had when they placed that swaddled, wriggly baby in your arms.

?

Parenting Mistake #1:

The parents of Jane or Johnny may convince him/her that is s/he is the center of the universe, praising them for their looks, their accomplishments, giving them gifts and opportunities while, at the same time, signaling to them that their internal world doesn?t matter to them. They are likely to ignore the child?s values, their beliefs, their actions and their morals while, conversely, telling them that not only are they significantly important to mom, dad, grandparents, aunts and uncles, but everyone else as well. They only see the ?A? on the paper, not the thought, effort and insights that went into the grade. And they turn the child into a trophy for their adornment.

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Parenting Mistake #2:

They will send a message that provocation is reason enough for hateful statements and actions. These parents teach through their actions and words that provocation is a justification for action and support the response of fighting ?fire with fire? even as the intensity of the exchange increases.

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Parenting Mistake #3:

Often the work of Carol Dweck is ignored. Her research demonstrates that the most successful students are those who understand their talents and abilities can be developed through effort, good teaching and persistence. Parents who repeatedly tell Jane or Johnny how smart and brilliant they are and considerably more so than their friends and classmates while downplaying the importance of hard work and a strong work ethic are setting them up for confusion and failure.

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Parenting Mistake #4:

They do questionable things their kids then copy. When a telemarketer calls, they tell them they?re ?not home.? Or they tell their child?s teacher that they can?t drive on the field trip, when they can but don?t want to. They do this within Jane or Johnny?s earshot more than once and without explanation.

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Parenting Mistake #5:

They display their anxieties about their child?s abilities regularly. They let their child know somehow ? through their words or behavior ? that grade B or C is never, under any circumstances, acceptable and they praise them highly when they get an A, a first or a major team selection. They castigate them when they don?t.

?

Parenting Mistake #6:

These well-intentioned parents expend a lot of effort to ensure their child never feels any discomfort, pain or failure. They plough all obstacles from Jane or Johnny?s path so that adversity never shows it?s ugly head. When Jane or Johnny forgets their school lunch they drive over to their favorite restaurant to purchase another. Then drive back to school to deliver it personally to their classroom.

Sending mixed messages, disregarding what is important to them, talking the talk but not walking the walk, lying or other questionable acts, exposing kids to parental anxieties, holding unrealistic expectations and protecting them from challenge or adversity ? these are the parenting behaviors behind many of today?s troubled children.

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What to do instead

We must make sure we don?t create an environment around our children that confuses or frightens them. And, we must build their confidence in their ability to handle what life will throw at them, as unfair at times as that will most likely be. If we can do that, we will see our children thrive and rise to levels that will warm our hearts, even astound us.

To that end, we must provide the following steps:

?

Step #1.

Send clear and consistent messages. To that end, try creating a family mission statement. Examples might be: ?No big deal? meaning no matter what happens we?ll work it out. Or ?No empty chairs? ? we will let no individual issue stand in the way of us being together as a family. Or ?We practice the 4 ?R?s ? respect for the individual, family, environment, community.? These mission statements should be developed over time from a series of discussions during which all family members points of view are heard and integrated, giving each person a voice and demonstrating their value.

?

Step #2.

Give consideration and respect to those things they deem important. Ask them what they think, what is important. Do this when they are calm and engaged. Look after their things, respect their attachments, pay attention and consider their feelings. Don?t throw away that ratty toy while they are at school and without their permission. Don?t accept that party invitation on their behalf without consulting them. Instead ask them to identify some toys they are ready to part with (and don?t act on your feelings when they don?t select the toys you think they should throw out.) Ask them if they want to go to the party before accepting.

?

Step #3.

Show yourselves as strong, ethical role models who walk their talk. Be honest and truthful, assertive and straightforward in your dealings with children and adults alike. Make sure that what you?re doing is worth mimicking as mimicked you will be. Children are formidable observers and won?t hesitate to copy you whether they realize it or not.

?

Step #4.

Have belief in their abilities to manage challenges, academic or otherwise. Support them to manage challenges themselves and hold onto your own anxiety instead of handing the burden of it over to them. If they forget their lunch, assume they can manage, that they will find a way to sort it out, ask a friend to share theirs, or a teacher for to help. Don?t assume they can?t manage their challenges.

?

Step #5.

Provide a vision where kids see themselves as important, but equal, members of a community. Like everyone else, kids have both strengths and weaknesses and sometimes they need to be helped to see that. At times, sit down with them and ask them what is working and what isn?t in their lives ? at school, in the family, with their friends. Problem-solve with them so that everyone gets their needs met. Negotiate outcomes, compromise and, occasionally, just say ?No? when their needs really can?t be met.

?

No accidents

All this takes a little time, mindfulness and an awareness of our own behavior and the messages it is conveying. But the alternative levies far more of an exacting toll on our time and psychic energies. And more importantly, it damages our children.

Positive, strong parenting will show your children the way to life success; difficult children don?t occur by accident, nor do strong, confident, successful ones. Which parent will you be? The parent who cringes or the ecstatic one who beams (and maybe screams a little :-) ) with pride? The choice is yours.

How is your parenting doing? What would your child say, do you think? Tell us in the comments!

And please, if you enjoyed this article, share it with your friends on Facebook, Twitter, Google+ and even Pinterest ? this is important information all parents could benefit from. There are sharing buttons below.

Or ?like? the Six Seconds Facebook page for more valuable information about emotional intelligence. I would so appreciate it! Thank you.

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Source: http://www.6seconds.org/2012/10/30/emotional-intelligence-positive-parenting-successful-kids/

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UPCOMING COURSE: CHID 250 D: ?Machines to Think With: Novel ...

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Source: https://depts.washington.edu/critgame/wordpress/2012/10/upcoming-course-chid-250-d-machines-to-think-with-novel-hypertext-computer-game-winter-2013-schenold/

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News - Retail property construction suffers five-year 27% slump

Published on 31 - October - 2012

Retail property construction suffers five-year 27% slump

A significant over-supply of retail property is contributing to a gloomy picture of the overall commercial real estate construction market.
A study published this week finds that the market as a whole faces a long, slow recovery as output values drop and demand falters. Commercial property, it says, will not recover until 2023.

The Castles in the Air report, from RSA - the UK's largest commercial insurer - and the Centre for Economics and Business Research, says retail saw a drop in construction output of 27% between 2007 and 2011. And it points out that demand for retail space remains subdued

Of the eight cities examined in the report, only central London saw an increase in retail rents over the period, where average rents rose by 7%. At the same time, retail vacancy rates have eclipsed pre-crisis levels, rising from almost 8% in the second quarter of 2007 to over 10% in the same quarter of 2012, suggesting a sizeable over-supply of retail property.

The value of commercial real estate construction as a whole fell by as much as 32%, from 41bn to 28bn, between 2007 and 2011 - the lowest level in 10 years.

The report says that positive growth is not expected until 2014, and predicts that there will be no return to pre-crisis highs until 2023.


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Source: http://www.diyweek.net/news/news.asp?id=16054&title=Retail+property+construction+suffers+five-year+27%25+slump

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Coalition split over wind farms

Tory energy minister John Hayes has been slapped down by his Lib Dem boss Ed Davey after saying the UK had "enough" onshore wind farms.

A source close to Mr Davey said Mr Hayes had "totally over-egged things" and did not make the final decisions.

Mr Hayes told the Daily Mail and Daily Telegraph the UK was "peppered" with wind farms and "enough is enough".

He suggested reviews would be launched into the noise and impact on the landscape created by turbines.

The comments put him on a collision course with energy and climate change secretary Mr Davey, who took personal charge of wind farm policy after Mr Hayes was appointed in September's reshuffle, and who has said having a wind farm on the doorstep can be good for communities.

Mr Davey is in charge of the government's renewable energy strategy, while Mr Hayes is in charge of "deployment".

Some 4,000 turbines are due to be built across the UK by 2020 - which Mr Hayes told the two newspapers was sufficient to meet the government's environmental targets.

The Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC) has launched a consultation on future developments - but Mr Hayes appeared to pre-empt that by saying any future wind farm applications would put the views of local communities first.

Community 'desires'

He said: "We can no longer have wind turbines imposed on communities. I can't single-handedly build a new Jerusalem but I can protect our green and pleasant land.

Continue reading the main story

Analysis

John Hayes is a long-standing opponent of onshore wind farms, so this row was waiting to happen.

I understand that he wrote an anti-wind speech which Ed Davey decreed to be against government policy.

He then penned a more emollient version, but shared his original views with journalists.

Mr Hayes cannot be contacted to confirm that.

Onshore wind is particularly contentious with so many back-bench Conservatives opposing turbines in the countryside, but the Lib Dems insistent that wind farms offer the cheapest way of expanding low-carbon energy to help keep the lights on and reduce emissions in the forthcoming Energy Bill.

Of the alternatives, offshore wind is very expensive; nuclear is controversial and expensive; wave power is in its infancy; energy efficiency is hard to achieve; coal is deemed too dirty and gas leaves the UK vulnerable to price spikes on the global market.

It's not easy.

"We have issued a call for evidence on wind. That is about cost but also about community buy-in. We need to understand communities' genuine desires. We will form our policy in the future on the basis of that, not on a bourgeois Left article of faith based on some academic perspective.

"If you look at what has been built, what has consent and what is in the planning system, much of it will not get through and will be rejected. Even if a minority of what's in the system is built we are going to reach our 2020 target."

But a DECC source told the BBC's Chris Mason that Mr Hayes "does not make final decisions on this" and that he had "totally over-egged" things when he suggested reviews will be commissioned into the noise that turbines create and their relationship with the landscape.

There had been "absolutely no change in government policy", added the source, and "we will be reassuring the renewable energy industry we haven't shifted our view at all".

Maf Smith, deputy chief executive of RenewableUK, said his organisation was "disappointed" by Mr Hayes' comments, which came after he addressed a renewables conference on Tuesday evening.

Mr Smith told BBC Radio 4 Today's programme: "At our conference he was talking about the importance of renewables in the mix, the importance of wind, the importance of jobs and securing benefits for renewables.

"What we would like is clarity about those views. We understand some of those things that have been said in print this morning are not government policy."

Mr Hayes' speech to the event on Tuesday evening was "well received" by the renewables industry and did not include the views expressed in the newspaper interview, according to DECC.

But the minister, a longstanding critic of wind farms, told reporters on Wednesday morning "I stand by what I said" in the interviews.

DECC has said it has "no targets" for the deployment of onshore wind power but a spokesman added: "Government is committed to supporting a balanced energy mix of renewables, new nuclear and gas in order to meet the UK's energy needs."

Earlier this year, more than 100 Conservative MPs wrote to Prime Minister David Cameron urging him to get rid of the subsidies paid to wind farm operators funded from household energy bills.

Shadow Energy Secretary Caroline Flint, for Labour, accused Mr Hayes of "playing politics" with clean energy jobs and the country's energy security.

"With energy bills skyrocketing, what hard pressed people urgently want is action but instead we have a shambles of a Tory-led government which can't even agree with itself," she added.

Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-20150316#sa-ns_mchannel=rss&ns_source=PublicRSS20-sa

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Friday, October 26, 2012

Meat Loaf Endorses Romney

DEFIANCE, Ohio - Forget swing state newspapers and major politicians, Mitt Romney tonight received a premium endorsement that nobody was expecting when rock legend Meat Loaf took the stage here and threw his support behind the Republican presidential nominee.

"I have never been in any political agenda in my life, but I think that in 2012 this is the most important election in the history of the United States," Meat Loaf said in a black silk shirt with sparkly buttons down the front and sequined designs on the sleeves. "Storm clouds [have] come over the United States. There is thunderstorms over Europe. There are hail storms, and I mean major hail storms, in the Middle East.

"There are storms brewing through China, through Asia, through everywhere," Meat Loaf said. "And there's only one man that on the other night, when President Barack Obama, God bless him, said to Mitt Romney, 'The Cold War is over' - I have never heard such a thing in my life."

The singer was referring to the presidential debate earlier this week, during which President Obama ribbed Romney for once declaring Russia America's No. 1 geopolitical foe.

"The man needs to understand Putin and Russia, so I want you to know that there is one man who will stand tall in this country and fight the storm and bring the United States back to what it should be - Gov. Mitt Romney," Meat Loaf said to roars from a crowd packed into a football stadium here.

"Like I said, never before have I endorsed a single candidate 'til now, so let me hear y'all repeat after me," Meat Loaf said, leading a call-and-response with Mitt Romney's name, the crowd repeating it after him.

Meat Loaf wasn't done. After playing a musical interlude, the musician grabbed the microphone - which at times was decorated with a red cape - and continued his endorsement.

"Mitt Romney has got the backbone," he said. "Go out and vote. Let me tell you what: I know there's one thing that you've been taught your whole life, is that you never argue politics or religion with your friends. But 2012 is completely different.

"I have been arguing for Mitt Romney for a year," he said. "I made three phone calls today to Democrats in California, and I got two of them to switch to Romney, so two out of three ain't bad. So you get out there and you argue with your relatives, you argue with your neighbors, you get in fights over politics and religion, 'cause we need Ohio! God bless ya. We love ya. Thank you. Keep rockin' - and Mitt Romney!"

When Romney finally took the stage, he didn't wait to thank the musician, and appeared somewhat surprised.

"I mean Meat Loaf was here, can you believe it?" asked Romney.

"Look, these guys have other things to do, you know - they have lives," Romney said. "They can go to a concert where they're getting paid, but they decided instead, because this election counts so much, to come here, and I want to thank them for their generosity and support."

At the end of the rally, as fireworks went off overhead, Meat Loaf joined Romney on stage and the two joined to sing "America the Beautiful" together.

In an amusing coincidence, Romney's wife, Ann Romney, appeared earlier today on the daytime cooking show hosted by Rachel Ray, during which she made her husband's favorite dish: Meatloaf.

Also Read

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/meat-loaf-endorses-romney-020038524--abc-news-politics.html

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Thursday, October 25, 2012

Brain waves reveal video game aptitude

ScienceDaily (Oct. 24, 2012) ? Scientists report that they can predict who will improve most on an unfamiliar video game by looking at their brain waves.

They describe their findings in a paper in the journal Psychophysiology.

The researchers used electroencephalography (EEG) to peek at electrical activity in the brains of 39 study subjects before they trained on Space Fortress, a video game developed for cognitive research. The subjects whose brain waves oscillated most powerfully in the alpha spectrum (about 10 times per second, or 10 hertz) when measured at the front of the head tended to learn at a faster rate than those whose brain waves oscillated with less power, the researchers found. None of the subjects were daily video game players.

The EEG signal was a robust predictor of improvement on the game, said University of Illinois postdoctoral researcher and Beckman Fellow Kyle Mathewson, who led the research with psychology professors and Beckman Institute faculty members Monica Fabiani and Gabriele Gratton.

"By measuring your brain waves the very first time you play the game, we can predict how fast you'll learn over the next month," Mathewson said. The EEG results predicted about half of the difference in learning speeds between study subjects, he said.

The waves of electrical activity across the brain reflect the communication status of millions or billions neurons, Mathewson said.

"These oscillations are the language of the brain, and different oscillations represent different brain functions," he said.

The researchers also found that learning to play the game improved subjects' reaction time and working memory (the ability to hold a piece of information in mind just until it is needed), skills that are important in everyday life.

"We found that the people who had more alpha waves in response to certain aspects of the game ended up having the best improvement in reaction time and the best improvement in working memory," Mathewson said.

This project is a part of a larger collaborative effort to determine whether measures of brain activity or brain structure can predict one's ability to learn a new video game. One analysis, led by Beckman Institute director Art Kramer (an author on this study as well), found that the volume of specific structures in the brain could predict how well people would perform on Space Fortress. That study used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure the relative sizes of different brain structures.

But MRI is expensive and requires that subjects lie immobile inside a giant magnet, Mathewson said. With EEG, researchers can track brain activity fairly inexpensively while subjects are engaged in a task in a less constricted, less artificial environment, he said.

The new findings offer tantalizing new clues to the mental states that appear to enhance one's ability to perform complex tasks, Mathewson said. Alpha waves are associated with relaxation, but they also are believed to arise when one is actively inhibiting certain cognitive functions in favor of others, he said. It is possible that everyone could benefit from interventions to increase the strength of their alpha waves in the front of the brain, a region associated with decision-making, attention and self-control.

"You can get people to increase their alpha brain waves by giving them some positive feedback," Mathewson said. "And so you could possibly boost this kind of activity before putting them in the game."

The study team also included researchers now at the University of Texas at Dallas and Florida State University.

The U.S. Office of Naval Research, the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the Beckman Institute supported this research.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Kyle E. Mathewson, Chandramallika Basak, Edward L. Maclin, Kathy A. Low, Walter R. Boot, Arthur F. Kramer, Monica Fabiani, Gabriele Gratton. Different slopes for different folks: Alpha and delta EEG power predict subsequent video game learning rate and improvements in cognitive control tasks. Psychophysiology, 2012; DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2012.01474.x

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_science/~3/jjJTDv7VblI/121024133411.htm

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Nearly 80 million Americans won't need vitamin D supplements under new guidelines

ScienceDaily (Oct. 24, 2012) ? Nearly 80 million Americans would no longer need to take vitamin D supplements under new Institute of Medicine guidelines, according to a study by Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine researchers.

Results were published Oct. 24, 2012 in the journal PLOS ONE.

The new guidelines advise that almost all people get sufficient vitamin D when their blood levels are at or above 20 nanograms per milliliter (ng/ml). Older guidelines said people needed vitamin D levels above 30 ng/ml.

Holly Kramer, MD, MPH and colleagues examined data from 15,099 non-institutionalized adults who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES III). The sample included 1,097 adults who had chronic kidney disease, which has been linked to low vitamin D levels.

In the survey population, 70.5 percent of adults with healthy kidneys had vitamin D blood levels that would be considered insufficient under the older guidelines. But under the newer Institute of Medicine guidelines, only 30.3 percent of these adults had insufficient vitamin D levels.

Among adults with chronic kidney disease, 76.5 percent had insufficient vitamin D under the older guidelines, while only 35.4 percent had insufficient levels under the Institute of Medicine guidelines.

Because NHANES III is a representative sample, researchers were able to extrapolate results to the general population. Kramer and colleagues estimate that a total of 78.7 million adults considered to have insufficient vitamin D levels under the older guidelines would now have sufficient levels under the Institute of Medicine guidelines. "The new guidelines have an impact on a large proportion of the population," Kramer said.

The Institute of Medicine guidelines are based on nearly 1,000 published studies and testimony from scientists and other experts. (The Institute of Medicine committee that wrote the new guidelines for vitamin D and calcium includes Ramon Durazo-Arvizu, PhD, a professor in Loyola's Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology).

The Institute of Medicine committee found that vitamin D is essential to avoid poor bone health, such as rickets. But there have been conflicting and mixed results in studies on whether vitamin D can also protect against cancer, heart disease, autoimmune diseases and diabetes, the Institute of Medicine committee found. Moreover, excessive vitamin D can damage the kidneys and heart, the committee reported.

However, the Institute of Medicine guidelines are controversial. For example, the Endocrine Society continues to endorse the older guidelines. Kramer said that people who are confused about how much vitamin D they need should consult with their doctors.

Kramer is first author of the study, which was funded by the National Institutes of Health. She is an associate professor in Loyola's Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension. Her co-authors are Durazo-Arvizu; Guichan Cao, MS; Amy Luke, PhD; David Shoham, PhD; and Richard Cooper, PhD of Loyola's Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Chris Sempos, PhD of the National Institutes of Health's Office of Dietary Supplements.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Loyola University Health System, via Newswise.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Holly Kramer, Chris Sempos, Guichan Cao, Amy Luke, David Shoham, Richard Cooper, Ramon Durazo-Arvizu. Mortality Rates Across 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) Levels among Adults with and without Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate . PLoS ONE, 2012; 7 (10): e47458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047458

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/health_medicine/nutrition/~3/l7VRY5yToLg/121024175229.htm

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Update References and Bibliography of Eating Disorders | PICKY ...

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  • Copyright ? 2012, Picky Eaters and Grow Up Clinic, Information Education Network. All rights reserved

    Source: http://pickyeaterschild.wordpress.com/2012/10/24/update-references-and-bibliography-of-eating-disorders/

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    Wednesday, October 24, 2012

    Branson: Virgin space project keeps being delayed

    AAA??Oct. 24, 2012?9:46 AM ET
    Branson: Virgin space project keeps being delayed
    AP

    Virgin Group owner, British billionaire Richard Branson tells students packing a hall at Warsaw University that they need to be "passionate about whatever you are doing in life" to achieve success during a launch of Virgin Academy, a project to help young Poles start their businesses in Warsaw, Poland, on Wednesday, Oct. 24, 2012. Branson also said that the launch of his space travel project Virgin Galactic keeps being pushed back. (AP Photo/Czarek Sokolowski)

    Virgin Group owner, British billionaire Richard Branson tells students packing a hall at Warsaw University that they need to be "passionate about whatever you are doing in life" to achieve success during a launch of Virgin Academy, a project to help young Poles start their businesses in Warsaw, Poland, on Wednesday, Oct. 24, 2012. Branson also said that the launch of his space travel project Virgin Galactic keeps being pushed back. (AP Photo/Czarek Sokolowski)

    Virgin Group owner, British billionaire Richard Branson tells students packing a hall at Warsaw University that they need to be "passionate about whatever you are doing in life" to achieve success during a launch of Virgin Academy, a project to help young Poles start their businesses in Warsaw, Poland, on Wednesday, Oct. 24, 2012. Branson also said that the launch of his space travel project Virgin Galactic keeps being pushed back. (AP Photo/Czarek Sokolowski)

    Virgin Group owner, British billionaire Richard Branson smiles to students packing a hall at Warsaw University as he tells them that they need to be "passionate about whatever you are doing in life" to achieve success during a launch of Virgin Academy, a project to help young Poles start their businesses in Warsaw, Poland, on Wednesday, Oct. 24, 2012. Branson also said that the launch of his space travel project Virgin Galactic keeps being pushed back. (AP Photo/Czarek Sokolowski)

    Virgin Group owner, British billionaire Richard Branson tells students packing a hall at Warsaw University that they need to be "passionate about whatever you are doing in life" to achieve success during a launch of Virgin Academy, a project to help young Poles start their businesses in Warsaw, Poland, on Wednesday, Oct. 24, 2012. Branson also said that the launch of his space travel project Virgin Galactic keeps being pushed back. (AP Photo/Czarek Sokolowski)

    Virgin Group owner, British billionaire Richard Branson tells students packing a hall at Warsaw University that they need to be "passionate about whatever you are doing in life" to achieve success during a launch of Virgin Academy, a project to help young Poles start their businesses in Warsaw, Poland, on Wednesday, Oct. 24, 2012. Branson also said that the launch of his space travel project Virgin Galactic keeps being pushed back. (AP Photo/Czarek Sokolowski)

    (AP) ? British billionaire Richard Branson says his space tourism project keeps being pushed back and isn't sure of an exact date for the first launch.

    He says it will be at least another 12 or 18 months before the Virgin Galactic venture can offer paid space travel to adventurers.

    The founder of the Virgin Group met with students on his first visit to Poland on Wednesday, where he came to launch Virgin Academy, which will help young people kick start their own businesses.

    Asked about Virgin Galactic, Branson said he has "stopped counting" days to the launch because it gets delayed "to the next year, to the next year."

    More than 100 would-be space tourists have signed up for the $200,000 two-hour trips that go 62 miles (100 kilometers) above Earth.

    Associated PressNews Topics: Business, General news, Science, Travel, Space industry, Lifestyle, Aerospace and defense, Industrial products and services, Industries, Leisure travel, Space tour operators, Space tourism

    Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/b2f0ca3a594644ee9e50a8ec4ce2d6de/Article_2012-10-24-Space%20Tourism-Branson/id-74ee53026c734f868966cfa4ab84c613

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    Parenting and temperament in childhood predict later political ideology

    Tuesday, October 23, 2012

    Political mindsets are the product of an individual's upbringing, life experiences, and environment. But are there specific experiences that lead a person to choose one political ideology over another?

    New research from psychological scientist R. Chris Fraley of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and colleagues suggest that parenting practices and childhood temperament may play an influential role. Their study is published online in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.

    Existing research suggests that individuals whose parents espoused authoritarian attitudes toward parenting (e.g., valuing obedience to authority) are more likely to endorse conservative values as adults. And theory from political psychology on motivated social cognition suggests that children who have fearful temperaments may be more likely to hold conservative ideologies as adults. Unfortunately, almost all of the existing research looking at these two factors suffers from significant methodological shortcomings. Specifically, the majority of this research has been retrospective?relying on adult's recollections of their early temperaments and their early caregiving experiences.

    To better understand the developmental antecedents of political ideology, Fraley and his colleagues examined data from 708 children who originally participated in the National Institute on Child Health and Human Development's (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD).

    When the children in the study were one month old, their parents answered questions from the Parental Modernity Inventory. Fraley and colleagues used their responses to determine the degree to which the parents demonstrated authoritarian (e.g., "Children should always obey their parents") and egalitarian parenting attitudes (e.g., "Children should be allowed to disagree with their parents").

    The dataset also included mothers' assessments of their children's temperaments when they were 4.5 years old, using questions from the Children's Behavior Questionnaire. From these assessments, the researchers identified five temperament factors: restlessness-activity, shyness, attentional focusing, passivity, and fear.

    Consistent with theory from political psychology, Fraley and colleagues found that children with authoritarian parents were more likely to have conservative attitudes at age 18, even after accounting for their gender, ethnic background, cognitive functioning, and socioeconomic status. Children who had parents with egalitarian parenting attitudes, on the other hand, were more likely to hold liberal attitudes as young adults.

    In terms of temperament, children with higher levels of fearfulness at 54 months were more likely to be conservative at age 18, while children with higher levels of activity or restlessness and higher levels of attentional focusing were more likely to espouse liberal values at that age.

    The researchers argue that their work has wide-ranging implications for understanding the variation in political orientation. According to Fraley, "One of the significant challenges in psychological science is understanding the multiple pathways underlying personality development. Our research suggests that variation in how people feel about diverse topics, ranging from abortion, military spending, and the death penalty, can be traced to both temperamental differences that are observable as early as 54 months of age, as well as variation in the attitudes people's parents have about child rearing and discipline." They believe that an important direction for future research will be to delve deeper into exploring the underlying mechanisms ? including shared genetic variation and parent-child conflict ? that might link parenting attitudes and temperament to later political ideology.

    "We hope that this work will help enrich theory at the interface of political and personality science but also underscore the value of studying these issues from a developmental perspective," the authors write.

    ###

    Association for Psychological Science: http://www.psychologicalscience.org

    Thanks to Association for Psychological Science for this article.

    This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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    Source: http://www.labspaces.net/124717/Parenting_and_temperament_in_childhood_predict_later_political_ideology

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