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Friday, November 30, 2012
Bar10der Review: A Watered-Down Cocktail Multitool
2 leading researchers to be honored at the 2012 CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium
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Public release date: 29-Nov-2012[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Tara Yates
tara.yates@aacr.org
215-446-7110
American Association for Cancer Research
SAN ANTONIO The 2012 CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium will honor two leading breast cancer researchers during its 35th annual symposium, which will be held here Dec. 4-8 at the Henry B. Gonzales Convention Center.
Kornelia Polyak, M.D., Ph.D., will receive the 2012 AACR Outstanding Investigator Award for Breast Cancer Research, and Mina J. Bissell, Ph.D., will present the 2012 AACR Distinguished Lectureship in Breast Cancer Research.
Hosted by the Cancer Therapy & Research Center at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, the AACR and Baylor College of Medicine, the symposium is a four-day program that presents a balance of clinical, translational and basic research focused on breast cancer. It provides a forum for interaction, communication and education for a broad spectrum of researchers, health care professionals and those with a special interest in breast cancer.
2012 AACR Outstanding Investigator Award for Breast Cancer Research, funded by Susan G. Komen for the Cure
Polyak will deliver her award lecture, "Breast Tumor Evolution: Drivers and Clinical Relevance," on Thursday, Dec. 6 at 11:30 a.m. CT in Exhibit Hall D of the Henry B. Gonzalez Convention Center.
Polyak is a professor of medicine in the department of medical oncology at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School in Boston, Mass. Her laboratory investigates the molecular basis of breast tumor evolution, with special emphasis on the role of the microenvironment and intratumor diversity in these processes. Her work focuses on identifying molecular alterations between normal and cancerous breast tissue using various technologies, determining their consequences and utilizing them to improve the clinical management of patients with breast cancer.
Funded by Susan G. Komen for the Cure, this award recognizes an investigator younger than 50 whose novel and significant work has had or may have a far-reaching impact on the etiology, detection, diagnosis, treatment or prevention of breast cancer.
2012 AACR Distinguished Lectureship in Breast Cancer Research, Supported by Bristol-Myers Squibb
Bissell will deliver her award lecture, titled "Genes and the Microenvironment: The Two Faces of Breast Cancer," on Friday, Dec. 7 at 11:30 a.m. CT in Exhibit Hall D of the Henry B. Gonzales Convention Center.
Bissell is a distinguished scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, Calif. Her innovative breast cancer research has had a profound influence on the understanding of cancer biology, in particular how three-dimensional organ architecture is responsible for normal behavior and how the loss of this crucial information influences the genesis of tumors. Her work demonstrated the pivotal role of reciprocal signaling between the nucleus and the extracellular matrix that surrounds tissues. She argued that it is the imbalance of this dynamic exchange of information that causes cancer. The research generated by Bissell and her team indicates that it is not only the genetic mutations that drive cancer, but also disruption of microenvironmental control.
Supported by Bristol-Myers Squibb, this lectureship was established in 2008 and is given annually to an individual who has undertaken outstanding scientific research that has inspired or has the potential to inspire new perspectives on the etiology, diagnosis, treatment or prevention of breast cancer.
###
The mission of the CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium is to produce a unique and comprehensive scientific meeting that encompasses the full spectrum of breast cancer research, facilitating the rapid translation of new knowledge into better care for patients with breast cancer. The Cancer Therapy & Research Center (CTRC) at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) and Baylor College of Medicine are joint sponsors of the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium. This collaboration utilizes the clinical strengths of the CTRC and Baylor and the AACR's scientific prestige in basic, translational and clinical cancer research to expedite the delivery of the latest scientific advances to the clinic. For more information about the symposium, please visit www.sabcs.org.
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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Public release date: 29-Nov-2012[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Tara Yates
tara.yates@aacr.org
215-446-7110
American Association for Cancer Research
SAN ANTONIO The 2012 CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium will honor two leading breast cancer researchers during its 35th annual symposium, which will be held here Dec. 4-8 at the Henry B. Gonzales Convention Center.
Kornelia Polyak, M.D., Ph.D., will receive the 2012 AACR Outstanding Investigator Award for Breast Cancer Research, and Mina J. Bissell, Ph.D., will present the 2012 AACR Distinguished Lectureship in Breast Cancer Research.
Hosted by the Cancer Therapy & Research Center at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, the AACR and Baylor College of Medicine, the symposium is a four-day program that presents a balance of clinical, translational and basic research focused on breast cancer. It provides a forum for interaction, communication and education for a broad spectrum of researchers, health care professionals and those with a special interest in breast cancer.
2012 AACR Outstanding Investigator Award for Breast Cancer Research, funded by Susan G. Komen for the Cure
Polyak will deliver her award lecture, "Breast Tumor Evolution: Drivers and Clinical Relevance," on Thursday, Dec. 6 at 11:30 a.m. CT in Exhibit Hall D of the Henry B. Gonzalez Convention Center.
Polyak is a professor of medicine in the department of medical oncology at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School in Boston, Mass. Her laboratory investigates the molecular basis of breast tumor evolution, with special emphasis on the role of the microenvironment and intratumor diversity in these processes. Her work focuses on identifying molecular alterations between normal and cancerous breast tissue using various technologies, determining their consequences and utilizing them to improve the clinical management of patients with breast cancer.
Funded by Susan G. Komen for the Cure, this award recognizes an investigator younger than 50 whose novel and significant work has had or may have a far-reaching impact on the etiology, detection, diagnosis, treatment or prevention of breast cancer.
2012 AACR Distinguished Lectureship in Breast Cancer Research, Supported by Bristol-Myers Squibb
Bissell will deliver her award lecture, titled "Genes and the Microenvironment: The Two Faces of Breast Cancer," on Friday, Dec. 7 at 11:30 a.m. CT in Exhibit Hall D of the Henry B. Gonzales Convention Center.
Bissell is a distinguished scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, Calif. Her innovative breast cancer research has had a profound influence on the understanding of cancer biology, in particular how three-dimensional organ architecture is responsible for normal behavior and how the loss of this crucial information influences the genesis of tumors. Her work demonstrated the pivotal role of reciprocal signaling between the nucleus and the extracellular matrix that surrounds tissues. She argued that it is the imbalance of this dynamic exchange of information that causes cancer. The research generated by Bissell and her team indicates that it is not only the genetic mutations that drive cancer, but also disruption of microenvironmental control.
Supported by Bristol-Myers Squibb, this lectureship was established in 2008 and is given annually to an individual who has undertaken outstanding scientific research that has inspired or has the potential to inspire new perspectives on the etiology, diagnosis, treatment or prevention of breast cancer.
###
The mission of the CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium is to produce a unique and comprehensive scientific meeting that encompasses the full spectrum of breast cancer research, facilitating the rapid translation of new knowledge into better care for patients with breast cancer. The Cancer Therapy & Research Center (CTRC) at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) and Baylor College of Medicine are joint sponsors of the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium. This collaboration utilizes the clinical strengths of the CTRC and Baylor and the AACR's scientific prestige in basic, translational and clinical cancer research to expedite the delivery of the latest scientific advances to the clinic. For more information about the symposium, please visit www.sabcs.org.
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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-11/aafc-tlr112912.php
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Thursday, November 29, 2012
Dale Earnhardt Jr. Named NASCAR's Most Popular Driver For 10th Year In A Row, Tying Bill Elliott Record
LAS VEGAS ? Dale Earnhardt Jr. tied Bill Elliott's record of 10 consecutive wins as NASCAR's most popular driver, and was just as nervous accepting it Thursday as he was when he received his first honor.
"It's real hard to get up there and express your emotions and express to people how much it means to you," Earnhardt said. "When you win it repeatedly, it gets tougher to show people and tell people how much it means to you because each time you win it, it means a little bit more. Words do an injustice to spelling out what it really means to you."
Earnhardt won the award Thursday at the Myers Brothers Luncheon at The Encore at Wynn. The award is presented annually by the National Motorsports Press Association, and Earnhardt has won it every year since 2003.
He thanked his enormous fan base for sticking with him during his acceptance speech.
"Aside from honesty, one of the qualities I admire most in a person is loyalty," he said. "Loyalty is a word that I use quite often to describe our fans, and as I stand here to accept this award for a 10th time, I think it's a great example of loyalty in its truest form. I thank the fans, all the fans who support this sport, and I am pleased and humbled and honored to accept this."
Fans vote from February through September on 10 most popular drivers. The field was then reset and fans voted again through the final 10 weeks of the season.
More than 934,000 votes were cast and Earnhardt beat Jeff Gordon, Kasey Kahne and Tony Stewart. Rounding out the top 10 were Jimmie Johnson, Kevin Harvick, Kyle Busch, Carl Edwards, Matt Kenseth and Bobby Labonte.
Elliott and Richard Petty are the only other drivers to win it more than five times. Elliott holds the overall record with 16 most popular awards, but withdrew his name from eligibility following his final win.
Earnhardt had his best season in years, snapping a four-year losing streak with his June 17 victory at Michigan. He was a strong title contender for most of the season, then missed two races during the Chase for the Sprint Cup championship with a concussion.
Because he missed the two events, he finished 12th in the final Chase standings and will not be a participant in Friday night's season-ending awards ceremony. His acceptance of the most popular driver award was his only official role in the champion's week activities, and Earnhardt admitted there were nerves to getting on stage and speaking in front of the crowd.
"But I take a lot of pride in being able to get an opportunity to tell fans how much I appreciate their support that they have, especially through everything they've been through," he said. "They go through a roller coaster of emotions season after season and they still after all this time have stuck with us, so we must be doing something right. The fans are very loyal."
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Oops! Facebook admits to adding users to groups they left
Featured
2 days
If you're confused over a recent email from Facebook regarding its data use policy, you're not alone.? The email ? with the subject line "Up... Read more
13 hrs.
A software glitch caused many Facebook users to find themselves members of old groups, ones they may have left a long time ago. More uncomfortably, some people were suddenly members of groups they'd even?been kicked out of. Facebook issued a statement confirming the details.
"A bug surfaced last night that caused some users to be re-added to groups that they previously belonged to," a Facebook spokesperson told NBC News. "We are working to resolve the issue now. In the meantime, we are rolling out a short-term fix for all closed groups that will make the content of those groups inaccessible to the re-added members."
At first, this bug may seem like an annoyance, leading to little more than?a pile of unwanted?notifications?? that's what we saw firsthand. However,?there could be some pretty nasty side-effects. Before Facebook issued that short-term fix, individuals who were added to closed (or "secret") groups were able to view all the non-public content in those groups as well as the current membership rosters. This could leave some sensitive posts vulnerable (though you really shouldn't be posting anything of that nature on Facebook in the first place, whether publicly or privately).
Even public groups (or closed groups which have been turned public since a user left them) can cause issues, as their membership rosters are now visible to everyone.
"I guess you now know that I belonged to a 'Flava of Love' group," Alberto Lima, a blogger for Noisecast,?wrote in a Facebook message alerting me of the glitch. "I swear I never watched the show!" Sure, Alberto. Sure.
Want more tech news?or interesting?links? You'll get plenty of both if you keep up with Rosa Golijan, the writer of this post, by following her on?Twitter, subscribing to her?Facebook?posts,?or circling her?on?Google+.
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An Insight into the Privacy Policy - Internet and Website Design
Many businesses have a privacy policy of some kind or another. These policies are very important, because they explain to customers or employees how their personal information will be disclosed and to what parties are disclosed.
Any person who runs a business, whether online or offline needs to have a privacy policy written in a formal manner that discloses to customers and employees will have and will not have their personal information disclosed.
A Brief History of the Privacy Policy
The history of privacy policies is quite interesting when you see how they actually came about. Privacy policy statements began in the United States and the EU as technology began to become sophisticated enough that information could be transmitted within minutes.
The first idea of a privacy policy of some sort was actually conceived by the Council of Europe in 1968. Though at the time, computer technology was in its infancy, members of the European Council realized that as computer technology would advance in the coming decades, personal information could be at risk. At the time, the internet already existed, but not for the general population, as it does now. The internet was actually pioneered and used by the US and Allied militaries for top-secret communications in the late 1960s, furthermore, Europe had a form of the internet already functioning for the general civilian population in the 1980s. The French developed a basic form of the internet which was accessed by connecting a small computer with monitor to the standard house phone. This system was known as the Minitelle. The French Minitelle operated in a similar fashion as the internet of today does. Though the graphics and fancy websites were not supported on the small monochrome screen of the Minitelle, people could access all kinds of different information, some of which was very personal.
If you had a Minitelle connected to your phone in France in the 1980s, you could access such information, such as people?s criminal records, financial records, and more. You could even discover your or someone else?s ancestry on the Minitelle. This type of technology was exactly what many members of the European Council were worried about in 1968 and 1969, just a mere 15 years before the Minitelle was introduced to the many households in France.
Protection of personal information was actually enacted into law by some of the European countries in early 1970s. The first European country to enact a law requiring businesses to have a privacy policy was Sweden, which enacted a privacy protection law in 1973. This was then followed by Germany with its own privacy protection law in 1977. France followed suit as the Minitelle was being developed for civilian use in 1978, just a mere four years before the first Minitelle was purchased and installed in an average French household.
America too was working on protecting personal information at that time and by 1974 the Privacy Act was enacted a year after the US Department of Health and Human Services developed a code of rules and regulations which called for fair use of information.
The Fair Information Practice was a code of regulations that the Federal Trade Commission enacted to protect sensitive personal information. Under this law, any entity who collects personal information for whatever reason must disclose to the consumer why they are collecting their information. Furthermore, the Fair Information Practice also allows consumers to have a choice whether they want to give out their personal information or not.
The Importance of a Privacy Policy
Facebook privacy policy. Image Source.
In today?s age is paramount as it is grounded in our daily lives. You will find a privacy policy anywhere you go these days. When you go to the doctor?s office, for example, you have to sign a privacy policy. The policy at the doctor?s office will let you know what sensitive health information your doctor might share with other parties, such as other physicians, nurses, lab technicians, etc.
The retail industry also has privacy policies, whether you are applying for a credit card, making a purchase with a credit card, or purchasing a big ticket item, you will have to sign a privacy policy. Likewise, when applying for employment in the retail industry, you will have to sign a privacy policy for your employer, as he might disclose some of your personal information for various reasons, such as running a criminal background check, checking your credit, etc.
How Are Different Privacy Policies Formatted?
The format of different privacy policies can vary depending on where you go. Some of the common privacy policies that you will run into include the following:
- The doctor?s office will have you sign a privacy policy that will have you consent to having some sensitive information disclosed about your health. There are several reasons why physicians might disclose your health information to different entities. Your health insurance might want to know about your health and whatever medical conditions you might have to adjust the deductible or other payments you might have to make with your policy. If you have a serious health issue, your doctor might want to refer you to a specialist and therefore, he will have to send your health information to that specialist, so he knows how best to treat your condition.
- Credit card companies and other lenders will often have you sign a privacy policy for you to consent your personal financial information to be sent to the three credit reporting agencies. The reason is because creditors and credit card companies often use information from the three credit reporting agencies to obtain your credit score, credit history, and other information about your income and debts you have. Lenders often use this information about you to determine the interest rates you will have to pay for the loan or whether to give you the loan at all.
- Retailers and merchants primarily use privacy policies for marketing purposes. Many merchants, big and small, have mailing lists, emailing lists, calling lists, etc. They need to have your consent before they can send any advertising or marketing materials to you personally. Though retailers often use target marketing for many of their customers with interactive advertisements. You may have noticed this every time you log onto your email, facebook, etc. You notice that you will see items you purchase on a regular basis appear in the advertisement. When you click your mouse on one of these images, you go directly to their site. Email marketing and telemarketing, on the other hand, marketers need your permission to send you emails or call you. If you are on a ?do not call? list, they are required by law not to call you for marketing purposes. Many people do not like to be bothered by telemarketers, so retailers need to make it clear in their privacy policies why they need your contact information.
There are many other offices and businesses that will have you sign a privacy policy. These range from attorneys to insurance companies, etc.
Your Online Store Privacy Policy
Well, it is highly recommended that you have a privacy policy on your online store. Basically, a privacy policy is a legal document that tells your customers that you will disclose some of their personal information to third parties. The parties could get your information for several purposes. They can get it for marketing purposes, service purposes, etc. A good online merchant often has a mailing list for his customers. Typically, an online merchant is required to have permission from his customers before sending emails, otherwise his marketing emails might be labeled as spam. Here are some things to think about before deciding whether you need a privacy policy.
- Collection of personal information for marketing purposes is the biggest reason why you should have an online privacy policy for your online store. In this case, having a privacy policy can be even more important than the security you have for your shopping cart (the electronic payment system most online stores have. Many customers will want to know why their personal data is to be collected.
- When making your privacy policy, you need to clearly explain why personal information about your customers needs to be collected. It may be needed for service related issues, or you may want some of their personal information to market new products or merchandise to them.
- Besides explaining why you are collecting personal information, you need to explain how this personal information is collected. Many websites use a system known as cookies, which are kind of like mini-programs which your website will download on any given visitor?s computer to allow the website to keep appearing at the last setting the visitor left the website. Cookies are the most common way online merchants collect personal information from visitors to their website. Cookies can also be used to specifically target marketing to specifically tailored to a particular visitor. One example is if you have a website that sells popular casual sneakers. A visitor was browsing your selection of Converse shoes. The cookies on your website will then have ads from your website focusing on Converse shoes to that particular visitor every time he or she is on Facebook, Twitter, or some other social media site or online email provider, such as Gmail or Yahoo.
- Third party merchants can by far be the most important reason why you would need to have an online privacy policy. Many online merchants often use third party merchants and drop shippers to deliver their products to customers. Many third party merchants are likely to be affiliated with major corporations and they have requirements that you might be bound to if you use a third party merchant.
Certain states in the United States and international laws, such as laws from the EU, may have certain requirements for privacy policies. California is one example of different laws regarding privacy policies that you might encounter when opening your online store. Things to consider should be as follows:
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Is Your Website Targeted To a Local Audience? ? Suppose you own a small mom & pop store in a small town as many small business owners do. You simply intend your website to be targeted to a local market within the small town your business is or within the entire county or region. In this case, you need only to know what the local laws are in your state together with Federal laws. Your local governments, such as your municipal and county governments may have their laws you may have to follow also.
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Are You Going Nationwide? ? If you are a simple online entrepreneur and want to have an easy way to make a lot of money and stay home, then you may be building an online store that works together with a third party or a drop shipper. In this case, you will need to know what the laws regarding a privacy policy are in all 50 states. As mentioned in the above paragraph, California is a state that has many different regulations which other states typically do not have. What makes California stand out from other states is that its regulations can be more rigorous than those of other states. California is one state that does require you to have a privacy policy with no ifs, ands, or buts.
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Are You Looking To Take Your Website International? ? Having an international business can be very challenging. When running an international online business, you will have to know the laws of many different countries. The biggest sticklers to privacy policies outside of the United States are the countries that make up the EU, Switzerland, Canada, and some others. Special attention needs to be taken to these laws, especially since you may need to gather extra information from your international customers for customs purposes.
How Can a Privacy Policy Benefit You?
The benefits of having a privacy policy can be phenomenal, even if it is not required. Let?s face it, a privacy policy is a good thing to have. Think of it as an insurance policy. Like anything else, when you have a business, there are legalities and there is always someone out there who will want to sue you for whatever the reason. A privacy policy is a great document to have, as it can protect you from unnecessary lawsuits which can get very costly. When you have that privacy policy posted, there is nothing a visitor can do. He can either consent to it or not. Typically, when you have a website, if a visitor chooses to sign on to a mailing list or participate in a part of your website, your privacy policy should automatically pop up and a visitor must click a check box to agree or disagree with the privacy policy. If the visitor agrees, legally he cannot sue you and you?re in the clear.
What are Federal Requirements for Privacy Policies?
There are several laws on the books that dictate the use of privacy policies and why they are needed some of these laws include the following:
- Children?s Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998 is one law on the books that affects how websites are viewed by children who are 13 years of age and under. This law as enacted while the internet was still a jungle and people were only beginning to use it. This law dictates that certain guidelines must be followed in protecting children?s personal information when doing online business in any state or territory of the United States as well as websites who also operate both in the United States and internationally. This law basically states that when collecting the personal information of a child, parental consent must be verified before information is collected. When there is a privacy policy on a children?s website, the operator of that site to have a button that a parent can verify the consent of gathering his or her child?s information.
- The John Kerry and John McCain Privacy Bill of Rights is another set of laws that practically require you to have a privacy policy and regulates how personal information can be collected. Though this may not yet be on the books, it soon will be. Some of the clauses in the John Kerry and John McCain Privacy Bill of Rights include protection for the consumer and ensures that consumers and online shoppers will be able to share their personal and sensitive information needed for making purchases in a safe and respectful environment. Some of the clauses of the bill include how information is to be collected and stored. The bill also indicates that merchants must also disclose what personal information is collected for.
Conclusion
In conclusion, there are many good reasons why a smart businessperson should have a privacy policy. These reasons include protection from lawsuits, compliance with several laws on the books about data collecting, and keeping you within the law in the future when more strict laws may be enacted. Although a privacy policy is not required everywhere in the US, it is still a good idea, as it makes it clear to the consumer why you are collecting his or her personal information. It also gives the consumer an option to knowingly give his or her personal information or to decline from giving his or her personal information.
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Source: http://internetwebsitedesign.biz/articles/an-insight-into-the-privacy-policy
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Wednesday, November 28, 2012
enabler modestia: Travel and leisure: Car Rental For Budget ...
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Egyptian courts suspend work to protest Morsi move
Egyptian protesters clash with security forces near Tahrir square, in Cairo, Egypt, Wednesday, Nov. 28, 2012. Egyptian state television says the country's highest appeal court has decided to suspend its work nationwide to protest the president's decrees giving himself nearly absolute powers. (AP Photo/Khalil Hamra)
Egyptian protesters clash with security forces near Tahrir square, in Cairo, Egypt, Wednesday, Nov. 28, 2012. Egyptian state television says the country's highest appeal court has decided to suspend its work nationwide to protest the president's decrees giving himself nearly absolute powers. (AP Photo/Khalil Hamra)
Egyptian protesters clash with security forces near Tahrir square, in Cairo, Egypt, Wednesday, Nov. 28, 2012. Egyptian state television says the country's highest appeal court has decided to suspend its work nationwide to protest the president's decrees giving himself nearly absolute powers. (AP Photo/ Khalil Hamra)
Egyptian protesters clash with security forces near Tahrir square, in Cairo, Egypt, Wednesday, Nov. 28, 2012. Egyptian state television says the country's highest appeal court has decided to suspend its work nationwide to protest the president's decrees giving himself nearly absolute powers.(AP Photo/Khalil Hamra)
Egyptian protesters clash with security forces near Tahrir square, in Cairo, Egypt, Wednesday, Nov. 28, 2012. Egyptian state television says the country's highest appeal court has decided to suspend its work nationwide to protest the president's decrees giving himself nearly absolute powers. (AP Photo/ Khalil Hamra)
CAIRO (AP) ? Egypt's highest appeal courts suspended their work Wednesday to protest presidential decrees that gave the country's Islamist leader Mohammed Morsi nearly absolute powers, state television reported, deepening the turmoil roiling the country since the decrees were announced last week.
A widening dispute between the president and the nation's judiciary is at the center of the uproar over a constitutional declaration placing Morsi above oversight of any kind, including by the courts. At least 200,000 protesters filled Cairo's central Tahrir Square on Tuesday to denounce the decrees and call on the president to rescind them.
Judges with the high and lower courts of appeal decided that they will not return to work until Morsi rescinds his decrees, according to state TV. Many of the country's courts already had stopped functioning due to individual strikes.
The high court of appeal is led by Mohammed Mumtaz Metwali, who also chairs the Supreme Judiciary Council, which oversees the nation's court system. Members of the council met Morsi on Monday to discuss his decrees.
A statement issued later by the presidential palace strongly suggested that the president's explanation of the decrees satisfied the council, but the panel has not publicly commented on the issue.
A statement by the judges of the high appeals court, known as the Court of Cassation, described Morsi's decrees as an "unprecedented" assault on the judiciary and its principles that "defies belief." It said the decision to stop work at all its circuits was also unprecedented but justified by the "magnitude" of the crisis.
In another show of defiance, the Supreme Constitutional Court, the nation's highest, rejected charges made by Morsi and his Muslim Brotherhood that it is working to bring down his government.
The political turmoil was triggered Thursday when Morsi issued a constitutional declaration that placed him above oversight of any kind, including by the courts, and extended similar protection to parliament's lower chamber and a 100-member panel drafting a new constitution.
Morsi and his allies in the Muslim Brotherhood, which has emerged as the most powerful political movement since the revolution that ousted Hosni Mubarak nearly two years ago, have accused the judiciary of being dominated by Mubarak-era appointees who are trying to undermine the new leader.
The constitutional court ruled in June to dissolve parliament's lower chamber, which is dominated by Islamists, and was due to rule Sunday on the legality of the lower chamber and a 100-member panel drafting a new constitution.
A ruling, regardless of which way it goes, would constitute a direct challenge to Morsi, who took office in June as Egypt's first freely elected president but has enraged pro-democracy activists who claim he is acting too much like the authoritarian leader he replaced.
The court also denounced Morsi's claim that it was part of a "conspiracy" against him.
"The allegation that the (June) ruling was reached in complicity with others to bring down elected state institutions and consequently the state's collapse ... is incorrect and untrue," the constitutional court said in a statement read by its deputy chairman, Maher Sami, in a televised news conference.
"But what is most saddening for the court's judges came when the president of the republic joined, in a painful and cruel surprise, the continuing attacks against the constitutional court," it said, alluding to comments made by Morsi on Friday in which he said the June ruling was leaked ahead of its official announcement.
A strike by the appeals courts and the rare criticism of the president in the Supreme Constitutional Court's statement came a day after Egyptians poured into Tahrir Square ? the epicenter of last year's anti-Mubarak uprising ? to protest Morsi's decrees, which also gave him unlimited powers to "protect" the nation.
Clashes between some protesters and police continued Wednesday off Tahrir, near the U.S. Embassy.
The liberal opposition has said it would not enter a dialogue with the president about the country's latest political crisis before Morsi rescinded his decrees. Activists planned another massive rally on Friday.
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Tuesday, November 27, 2012
To derail Maine wind farm project, nonprofit sues federal permitting ...
PORTLAND, Maine ? A nonprofit organization filed a federal lawsuit Monday in a last-ditch effort to prevent the planned expansion of the Kibby Mountain wind farm in northwestern Maine.
The Friends of the Boundary Mountains filed the lawsuit in U.S. District Court in Portland against the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, claiming the federal agency neglected several federal laws in late September when it provided a permit to TransCanada Maine Wind Development Inc. allowing the company to expand its Kibby Mountain wind farm onto nearby Sisk Mountain in northern Franklin County.
The lawsuit named as defendants Lt. Gen. Thomas P. Bostick, commander of the Army Corps of Engineers, and Jay Clement, the Army Corps? senior project manager in the New England District.
The Friends of the Boundary Mountains, which was founded in 1995 and is based in Farmington, claims the expansion of the wind farm will violate the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and the Bald and Golden Eagle Act, according to court documents. In addition, the group alleges the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers failed to comply with the Clean Water Act when it issued the permit to TransCanada.
Before TransCanada had completed its original 44-turbine Kibby Mountain project in 2010, it already had proposed an expansion onto nearby Sisk Mountain. After TransCanada scaled back its expansion plans from 15 to 11 turbines, Maine?s Land Use Regulation Commission approved the project in January 2011. The Friends of the Boundary Mountains opposed TransCanada?s original Kibby Mountain wind farm, as well as the Sisk Mountain expansion.
Bob Wiengarten, the nonprofit?s president, said this lawsuit is the group?s last chance to stop TransCanada from building the Sisk Mountain expansion.
?We?ve been fighting this a long time,? Wiengarten said. ?We?re a minority trying to protect these species from the onslaught from wind power.?
The group?s lawsuit is related to a permit TransCanada needed from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, which is the keeper of the inland waterways under the Clean Water Act, to temporarily and permanently fill in some wetland areas to build the wind farm expansion. As part of its compliance with the Clean Water Act, the Army Corps also is required to judge the resulting effect on wildlife.
The lawsuit argues that while the Corps had a responsibility to investigate the wind farm?s effect on the golden eagle and the Bicknell?s thrush, it failed to adequately do so. Wiengarten claims both species, which have habitat on or around Sisk Mountain, would be at risk if TransCanada is allowed to expand its wind farm.
Tim Dugan, a spokesman for the Army Corps in New England, declined to comment on the lawsuit, citing internal policy.
The complaint argues that the golden eagle species is ?falling between the cracks? as neither LURC nor the federal government has exercised ?the necessary due diligence in evaluating the true risks and threats to the species,? the complaint claims. Maine considers the golden eagle an endangered species, though the federal government does not. It is protected, however, under the federal Bald and Golden Eagle Act.
The lawsuit cites a May 2011 letter from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to TransCanada: ?Proper siting of wind turbines continues to be the [service]?s most critical concern related to wind energy development to avoid and minimize wildlife mortality and habitat fragmentation. New information about migration and movements of golden eagles suggest this species may be the raptor most vulnerable to wind power in the eastern U.S.?
Wiengarten said the Army Corps put conditions into the permit that it claims will protect the golden eagle, but the conditions are inadequate. One such condition is that TransCanada needs to develop an eagle conservation plan, but the company can build the wind farm before submitting it, Wiengarten said.
?We don?t think that?s a very logical way of proceeding,? Wiengarten said. ?We know in the real world that these conditions don?t mean anything. Once TransCanada builds it, it?s too late.?
This could be the first lawsuit in Maine that cites the Eagle Act as a reason to prevent the construction of a wind farm, according to Todd Griset, an attorney at Preti Flaherty who specializes in the energy sector.
?I have seen other lawsuits alleging violations of the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act, although I am not aware of any such claims made in Maine,? he wrote in an email.
The Bicknell?s thrush is a migratory bird that spends its winters in the Caribbean and its summers in the subalpine habitat found on Sisk Mountain. The species is rare and fickle about choosing its breeding habitat, Wiengarten said. The federal government is currently reviewing a request to identify it as a threatened or endangered species under the Endangered Species Act, a process Wiengarten points out could take at least a year.
?Our argument is they should pay attention to it right now,? he said. ?Sisk is just not a good place to put a wind turbine because there?s this rare habitat that this bird, which may be endangered ? it?s probably endangered now, but it needs the listing to be official ? it needs that breeding habitat. It?s just too risky. It?s crazy to do this.?
When asked why he thinks the Army Corps did not pursue the effects of TransCanada?s wind farm on the Bicknell?s thrush and the golden eagle, Wiengarten said he believes federal agencies are under political pressure to support the wind power industry.
Wiengarten said he?s not against alternative energy, just not the siting of a wind farm on Kibby and Sisk mountains.
The Friends of the Boundary Mountains is asking the court to void the permit the Army Corps granted and prevent the issuance of a new permit until the violations are addressed. It?s also asking for monetary compensation for ?their costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys? fees,? according to the complaint.
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Lowe's Home Improvement Cyber Monday Sale
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Bounce houses a party hit but kids' injuries soar
CHICAGO (AP) ? They may be a big hit at kids' birthday parties, but inflatable bounce houses can be dangerous, with the number of injuries soaring in recent years, a nationwide study found.
Kids often crowd into bounce houses, and jumping up and down can send other children flying into the air, too.
The numbers suggest 30 U.S. children a day are treated in emergency rooms for broken bones, sprains, cuts and concussions from bounce house accidents. Most involve children falling inside or out of the inflated playthings, and many children get hurt when they collide with other bouncing kids.
The number of children aged 17 and younger who got emergency-room treatment for bounce house injuries has climbed along with the popularity of bounce houses ? from fewer than 1,000 in 1995 to nearly 11,000 in 2010. That's a 15-fold increase, and a doubling just since 2008.
"I was surprised by the number, especially by the rapid increase in the number of injuries," said lead author Dr. Gary Smith, director of the Center for Injury Research and Policy at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus, Ohio.
Amusement parks and fairs have bounce houses, and the playthings can also be rented or purchased for home use.
Smith and colleagues analyzed national surveillance data on ER treatment for nonfatal injuries linked with bounce houses, maintained by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Their study was published online Monday in the journal Pediatrics.
Only about 3 percent of children were hospitalized, mostly for broken bones.
More than one-third of the injuries were in children aged 5 and younger. The safety commission recommends against letting children younger than 6 use full-size trampolines, and Smith said barring kids that young from even smaller, home-use bounce houses would make sense.
"There is no evidence that the size or location of an inflatable bouncer affects the injury risk," he said.
Other recommendations, often listed in manufacturers' instruction pamphlets, include not overloading bounce houses with too many kids and not allowing young children to bounce with much older, heavier kids or adults, said Laura Woodburn, a spokeswoman for the National Association of Amusement Ride Safety Officials.
The study didn't include deaths, but some accidents are fatal. Separate data from the product safety commission show four bounce house deaths from 2003 to 2007, all involving children striking their heads on a hard surface.
Several nonfatal accidents occurred last year when bounce houses collapsed or were lifted by high winds.
A group that issues voluntary industry standards says bounce houses should be supervised by trained operators and recommends that bouncers be prohibited from doing flips and purposefully colliding with others, the study authors noted.
Bounce house injuries are similar to those linked with trampolines, and the American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended against using trampolines at home. Policymakers should consider whether bounce houses warrant similar precautions, the authors said.
___
AP Medical Writer Lindsey Tanner can be reached at http://www.twitter.com/LindseyTanner
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/bounce-houses-party-hit-kids-injuries-soar-073858551.html
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Video: Riots on the rise in divided Egypt
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Source: http://video.msnbc.msn.com/newsnation/49970665/
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Someone Is Trying To Kill Me!!!!!!!!!!!! - Articles of Health
The following story, "Someone Is Trying To Kill?Me," is a classic reminder that the quality and?quantity of ones life is in direct relationship?to ones daily lifestyle and dietary choices.??This is the message of Dr. Robert and Shelley?Young as they share their "New Biology"?and the pH Miracle Lifestyle and Diet.
Health and vitality is a consequence of choice?just like sickness and disease. When we begin?to see the truth that cancer, heart dis-ease,?diabetes, depression, heart attack, stroke,?low energy, pain, obesity, etc., are the
consequences of lifestyle and dietary choice?then maybe we will begin to stop doing cancer,?heart dis-ease, diabetes, etc. with our personal lifestyle?and dietary choices.
As stated so eloquently by Robert Louis Stevenson,?"There will come a time when we all sit down to the?banquet of our consequences."
"The cure for all sickness and dis-ease, including cancer will be?found in its PREVENTION NOT in its TREATMENT." Dr. Robert O. Young.
"If you want to be healthy, energetic and fit then you have?to make lifestyle and dietary choices that will bring?you those consequences," states Dr. Young.
"Life is all about choices that lead to consequences. ?We can choose health or we can choose sickness and?disease. With each thought, with every move, with?each word spoken and with every food or drink?ingested we determine the quality and quantity of?our life," warns Dr. Young.
And, now for our story . . . . . .
On the morning of his 42nd birthday, Crabwell Grommet?awoke to a peal of particularly ominous thunder.?Glancing out the window with bleary eyes, he saw?written in fiery letters across the sky: "Someone?is trying to kill you, Crabwell Grommet!"
With shaking hands, Grommet lit his first cigarette?of the day. He didn't question the message. You don't
question a message like that. His only question was,?"Who?" At breakfast, as he salted his fried eggs,?he told his wife, Gratia, "Someone is trying to?kill me."
"Who?" she asked with horror? Grommet slowly stirred?the cream and sugar into his coffee and shook his?head. "I don't know!" he replied. Convinced though?he was, Grommet wasn't going to the police with?his story. He decided that his only course of action?was to go about his daily routine and hope somehow?to outwit his would be murderer.
He tried to think on the way to the office but the?frustration of making time by beating red lights?and switching lanes occupied him wholly. Nor once?behind his desk could he find a moment, what with?handling phone calls, urgent emails, and the many?problems and decisions piling up as they did every?day.
It wasn't until his second martini at lunch that?the full terror of his dilemma struck him. It was?all he could do to finish off his Lasagna Milanese.?"I can't panic," he said to himself, lighting his?cigar. "I must simply live my life as usual." So he?worked until seven as usual, studied business reports?as usual, and took his usual two capsules of Seconal?in order to get his usual six hours of sleep.
As the days passed, Crabwell stuck fully to his?routine. As the months passed by, he began to take?a perverse pleasure in his ability to survive.?"Whoever is trying to get me," he's say proudly?to his wife, "hasn't got me yet. I'm too smart?for him." "Oh, please be careful," she'd reply,?ladling him a second helping of her tasty beef?stroganoff.
His pride grew and he managed to go on living for?years. But, as it must to all men, death came at?last to Crabwell Grommet. it came at his desk on?a particularly busy day. He was 53.
His wife demanded a full autopsy. But it showed?only emphysema, arterioscleorosis, duodenal ulcers,?cirrhosis of the liver, cardiac necrosis, a?cerebrovascular aneurysm, pulmonary edema, obesity,?circulatory insufficiency, and a touch of lung?cancer.
"How glad Crabwell would have been to know," said?the widow smiling proudly through her tears, "that?he died of natural causes."
The moral of this story can be found in the words?of Dr. Phil, "When we choose the behavior, we choose?the consequences."
Source: http://articlesofhealth.blogspot.com/2012/11/someone-is-trying-to-kill-me.html
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Monday, November 26, 2012
Cutler sharp as Bears beat Vikings, 28-10
CHICAGO (AP) ? The Chicago Bears got Jay Cutler back from a concussion, only to lose three more stars to injuries.
Start with Devin Hester. Add Matt Forte and Charles Tillman to the list, and just for good measure, throw in two starting guards.
Consider this a painful win.
Cutler threw for 188 yards and a touchdown after missing a game, and the Bears broke it open early in a 28-10 victory over the Minnesota Vikings on Sunday.
The injuries, however, tempered some of the good feelings.
Tied with Green Bay for the NFC North lead and just a game ahead of Minnesota (6-5) coming in, the Bears (8-3) grabbed a 25-3 halftime lead thanks to Cutler's pinpoint passing. The defense held Adrian Peterson in check early on, although he finished with 108 yards rushing.
Chicago also came away with three more takeaways to increase its total from a league-leading 30 entering the game to 33.
The rather easy win came after back-to-back losses to Houston and San Francisco, but it also came with a heavy price.
The Bears lost Hester, a receiver and record-setting return specialist, early to a concussion. And that was just the start.
Forte, their top running back, hobbled to the tunnel midway through the third quarter with an ankle injury. Coach Lovie Smith said Tillman, their star cornerback, also hurt his ankle.
Besides those three, the Bears lost both guards in the third quarter to knee sprains, with Lance Louis and Chris Spencer going down. Louis' injury on a blindside hit by Jared Allen as Antoine Winfield returned an interception forced Chicago to go with Gabe Carimi, who lost the right tackle job to Jonathan Scott.
Spencer, meanwhile, was in the lineup after Chilo Rachal left the team.
If the Bears are going to develop any continuity on the line, well, don't expect it anytime soon.
"I don't think it's possible now," Cutler said. "With all the moving parts we have and Lance going down, you're not going to have that. We're going to have to roll with the guys we have and see what we have, lean on our defense as we have before, run the ball well. Be efficient through the air. See how far we go."
As for Cutler, he looked sharp after missing Monday's blowout loss at San Francisco.
Back after being knocked out of the Texans game on a helmet-to-helmet hit by Tim Dobbins, he got off to a scorching start and completed 23 of 31 passes with an interception to go with his TD.
"I felt good," Cutler said. "It was a matter of going through the motions, talking to the doctors. I had a good week of practice, a shorter week with the Monday game and Thanksgiving."
Brandon Marshall caught 12 passes for 92 yards and became the first Bears receiver since Marty Booker in 2002 to go over 1,000 yards. He now has 1,017 yards this season, his sixth straight with 1,000 or more.
"In the third quarter, I leaned over to Jay and said, 'That catch puts me at 1,000 yards for six seasons in a row.' And he looked at me and said, 'You're disgusting,'" Marshall, the Bears' big offseason acquisition, said, laughing.
He added he knew he was closing in because followers on Twitter had mentioned it.
On defense, Henry Melton set the tone by sacking Christian Ponder on the first play from scrimmage. Nick Roach set up the first touchdown by knocking the ball out of Peterson's hands. Chris Conte set another TD with a 35-yard interception return, and Julius Peppers blocked a field goal.
The league's leading rusher, Peterson tied Robert Smith's club record with a 100-yard performance for the fifth straight game even though he managed just 25 in the first half. He also lost two fumbles and had to catch a cab to the stadium and arrived about 90 minutes before kickoff, according to reports.
Ponder wasn't much help, going 22 of 43 with 159 yards and a touchdown along with an interception. His favorite target, Percy Harvin, sat out his second straight game with a sprained left ankle, and the Vikings lost for the third time in four games.
"We knew what we were getting into," Peterson said. "They wanted to make a statement. I thought it was more so what we did, giving the ball away, not making routine plays. Can't wait to see them again."
He won't have to wait long, with the Bears visiting Minnesota on Dec. 9.
Cutler completed 15 of 17 passes for 117 yards in the first half, and the Bears jumped out a big lead after a shaky start on offense.
Forte fumbled on Chicago's first play from scrimmage, leading to a 40-yard field goal by Blair Walsh ? all the scoring the Vikings did in the half.
The Bears broke it open late in the second half.
Bush scored from the 1 and holder Adam Podlesh ran in for a 2-point conversion that made it 18-3.
Ponder got picked off by Conte and he returned it 35 yards to the Minnesota 13. That led to a scoring strike from Cutler to a lunging Matt Spaeth on the next play.
NOTES: Vikings coach Leslie Frazier said he and Peterson were going to have a talk about punctuality after Sunday's delayed arrival. "There is something that Adrian and I need to talk about regarding getting to the stadium," he said. ... Allen thought his hit on Louis after Winfield's interception was a clean one. "I turned around, he was running to make a tackle and I threw myself into him to make a block. My condolences to him and his family. I never, ever, try and intentionally hurt anybody."
___
Online: http://pro32.ap.org/poll and http://twitter.com/AP_NFL
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/cutler-sharp-bears-beat-vikings-28-10-212125340--spt.html
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Saturday, November 24, 2012
Scientists describe elusive replication machinery of flu viruses
Friday, November 23, 2012
Scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have made a major advance in understanding how flu viruses replicate within infected cells. The researchers used cutting-edge molecular biology and electron-microscopy techniques to "see" one of influenza's essential protein complexes in unprecedented detail. The images generated in the study show flu virus proteins in the act of self-replication, highlighting the virus's vulnerabilities that are sure to be of interest to drug developers.
The report, which appears online in Science Express on November 22, 2012, focuses on influenza's ribonucleoprotein (RNP). RNPs contain the virus's genetic material plus the special enzyme that the virus needs to make copies of itself.
"Structural studies in this area had stalled because of the technical obstacles involved, and so this is a welcome advance," said Ian A. Wilson, the Hansen Professor of Structural Biology at TSRI and senior author of the report with TSRI Professors of Cell Biology Bridget Carragher and Clint Potter. "The data from this study give us a much clearer picture of the flu virus replication machinery."
Unveiling the Mystery of RNPs
At the core of any influenza virus lie eight RNPs, tiny molecular machines that are vital to the virus's ability to survive and spread in its hosts. Each RNP contains a segment?usually a single protein-coding gene?of the RNA-based viral genome. This viral RNA segment is coated with protective viral nucleoproteins and has a structure that resembles a twisted loop of chain. The free ends of this twisted loop are held by a flu-virus polymerase enzyme, which handles the two central tasks of viral reproduction: making new viral genomic RNA, and making the RNA gene-transcripts that will become new viral proteins.
Aside from its importance in ordinary infections, the flu polymerase contains some of the key "species barriers" that keep, for example, avian flu viruses from infecting mammals. Mutations at key points on the enzyme have enabled the virus to infect new species in the past. Thus researchers are eager to know the precise details of how the flu polymerase and the rest of the RNP interact.
Getting those details has been a real challenge. One reason is that flu RNPs are complex assemblies that are hard to produce efficiently in the lab. Flu polymerase genes are particularly resistant to being expressed in test cells, and their protein products exist in three separate pieces, or subunits, that have to somehow self-assemble. Until now, the only flu RNPs that have been reproduced in the laboratory are shortened versions whose structures aren't quite the same as those of native flu RNPs. Researchers also are limited in how much virus they can use for such studies.
The team nevertheless managed to develop a test-cell expression system that produced all of the protein and RNA components needed to make full-length flu RNPs. "We were able to get the cells to assemble these components properly so that we had working, self-replicating RNPs," said Robert N. Kirchdoerfer, a first author of the study. Kirchdoerfer was a PhD candidate in the Wilson laboratory during the study, and is now a postdoctoral research associate in the laboratory of TSRI Professor Erica Ollmann Saphire.
Kirchdoerfer eventually purified enough of these flu RNPs for electron microscope analysis at TSRI's Automated Molecular Imaging Group, which is run jointly by Carragher and Potter.
Never Seen Before
The imaging group's innovations enable researchers to analyze molecular samples more easily, in less time, and often with less starting material. "We were able, for example, to automatically collect data for several days in a row, which is unusual in electron microscopy work," said Arne Moeller, a postdoctoral research associate at the imaging group who was the other first author of the study.
Electron microscopes make high-resolution images of their tiny targets by hitting them with electrons rather than photons of light. The images revealed numerous well-defined RNP complexes. To Moeller and his colleagues' surprise, many of these appeared to have new, partial RNPs growing out of them. "They were branching?this was very exciting," he said.
"Essentially these were snapshots of flu RNPs being replicated, which had never been seen before," said Kirchdoerfer. These and other data, built up from images of tens of thousands of individual RNPs, allowed the team to put together the most complete model yet for flu-RNP structure and functions. The model includes details of how the viral polymerase binds to its RNA, how it accomplishes the tricky task of viral gene transcription, and how a separate copy of the viral polymerase assists in carrying out RNP replication. "We're now able to take a lot of what we knew before about flu virus RNP and map it onto specific parts of the RNP structure," said Kirchdoerfer.
The new flu RNP model highlights some viral weak points. One is a shape-change that a polymerase subunit?which grabs viral RNA and feeds it to the polymerase's active site on a second subunit?has to undergo during viral gene transcription. Another is key interaction between the polymerase and viral nucleoproteins. Flu RNPs are long and flexible, curving and bending in electron microscope images; and thus the structural model remains only modestly fine-grained. "You wouldn't be able to design drugs based on this model alone," said Kirchdoerfer, "but we now have a much better idea of how flu RNPs work, and that does suggest some possibilities for better flu drugs."
###
Scripps Research Institute: http://www.scripps.edu
Thanks to Scripps Research Institute for this article.
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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/125443/Scientists_describe_elusive_replication_machinery_of_flu_viruses
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Magnesium oxide: From Earth to super-Earth
ScienceDaily (Nov. 22, 2012) ? The mantles of Earth and other rocky planets are rich in magnesium and oxygen. Due to its simplicity, the mineral magnesium oxide is a good model for studying the nature of planetary interiors. New work from a team led by Carnegie's Stewart McWilliams studied how magnesium oxide behaves under the extreme conditions deep within planets and found evidence that alters our understanding of planetary evolution. It is published November 22 by Science Express.
Magnesium oxide is particularly resistant to changes when under intense pressures and temperatures. Theoretical predictions claim that it has just three unique states with different structures and properties present under planetary conditions: solid under ambient conditions (such as on Earth's surface), liquid at high temperatures, and another structure of the solid at high pressure. The latter structure has never been observed in nature or in experiments.
McWilliams and his team observed magnesium oxide between pressures of about 3 million times normal atmospheric pressure (0.3 terapascals) to 14 million times atmospheric pressure (1.4 terapascals) and at temperatures reaching as high as 90,000 degrees Fahrenheit (50,000 Kelvin), conditions that range from those at the center of our Earth to those of large exo-planet super-Earths. Their observations indicate substantial changes in molecular bonding as the magnesium oxide responds to these various conditions, including a transformation to a new high-pressure solid phase.
In fact, when melting, there are signs that magnesium oxide changes from an electrically insulating material like quartz (meaning that electrons do not flow easily) to a metal similar to iron (meaning that electrons do flow easily through the material).
Drawing from these and other recent observations, the team concluded that while magnesium oxide is solid and non-conductive under conditions found on Earth in the present day, the early Earth's magma ocean might have been able to generate a magnetic field. Likewise, the metallic, liquid phase of magnesium oxide can exist today in the deep mantles of super-Earth planets, as can the newly observed solid phase.
"Our findings blur the line between traditional definitions of mantle and core material and provide a path for understanding how young or hot planets can generate and sustain magnetic fields," McWilliams said.
"This pioneering study takes advantage of new laser techniques to explore the nature of the materials that comprise the wide array of planets being discovered outside of our Solar System," said Russell Hemley, director of Carnegie's Geophysical Laboratory. "These methods allow investigations of the behavior of these materials at pressures and temperatures never before explored experimentally."
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